Simple/ Compound/ Complex + Voice

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 Sentence based on Structure



1. Simple sentence (Single sentences without any clause) (Independent Clause)

2. Compound (sentences with coordinating conjunction: for, but, and, so, yet, nor, or) (2 Independent Clause) 

3. Complex Sentence (Subcoordinating conjunction: if, although, despite) includes dependent and independent clause)

4. Compound-Complex Sentence (at least 2 independent and 1 dependent)



6. Simple to compound

Work hard to pass the exam.

Work hard and you will pass the exam.

7. Compound to simple

We must eat or we can't live.

We must eat to live

8. Simple to complex

She confessed her guilt.

She confessed that she was guilty

9. Complex to simple

Tell me where you live.

Tell me your address

I know that she is honest

I know her honesty.

10. Compound to complex sentence

Search his pockets, and you will find the watch.

If you search his pockets, you will find the watch.

11. Complex to compound

I have found the book that I had lost

I has lost a book, but I have found it.

If you speak you will die.

Speak and you will die.


.........................

Exercise 1: Identify the Sentence Type

Write whether each sentence is Simple (S), Compound (C), or Complex (CX).

  1. She enjoys reading novels.

  2. I wanted to go outside, but it was raining.

  3. He stayed home because he was sick.

  4. The teacher explained the lesson clearly.

  5. We finished our work, and we submitted it on time.

  6. Although it was late, they continued studying.

Exercise 2: Combine the Sentences

Combine the sentences as directed.

a) Make a Compound Sentence

  1. She worked hard. She passed the exam.

  2. The movie was long. It was interesting.

b) Make a Complex Sentence

  1. He missed the class. He was ill.

  2. The students were happy. The results were announced.

Exercise 3: Change the Sentence Type

  1. Change into a compound sentence:

    • She likes tea.

  2. Change into a complex sentence:

    • He completed the project.

  3. Change into a simple sentence:

    • Although she was tired, she finished her homework.

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks

Use a suitable conjunction.

  1. I wanted to attend the program, ___ I had another meeting.

  2. She studied hard ___ she could score good marks.

  3. We will start the class ___ the teacher arrives.

Answer Key

Exercise 1

  1. Simple

  2. Compound

  3. Complex

  4. Simple

  5. Compound

  6. Complex

Exercise 2 (Sample Answers)

  1. She worked hard, and she passed the exam.

  2. The movie was long, but it was interesting.

  3. He missed the class because he was ill.

  4. The students were happy when the results were announced.

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

  1. She likes tea, and she likes coffee.

  2. He completed the project after he received guidance.

  3. She finished her homework.

Exercise 4

  1. but

  2. so that

  3. when..

......................................

Sentence Types

1. Active Voice

2. Passive Voice

A. Present Tenses

Active Simple Present

Formula: Subject + V1 (base form) + object

Example: She writes a letter.

Passive Formula: Object + is/am/are + V3 + (by + subject)
Example: A letter is written by her.

B. Present Continuous

Formula: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + object

Example: She is writing a letter.

Passive Formula: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + (by + subject)
Example: A letter is being written by her.

C. Present Perfect

Formula: Subject + has/have + V3 (past participle) + object

Example: She has written a letter.

Passive Formula: Object + has/have been + V3 + (by + subject)
Example: A letter has been written by her.

Present Perfect Continuous

Formula: Subject + has/have been + V1 + ing + object

Example: She has been writing a letter.

No Passive

Past Tenses

Simple Past

Formula: Subject + V2 (past form) + object

Example: She wrote a letter.

Passive Formula: Object + was/were + V3 + (by + subject)
Example: A letter was written by her.

Past Continuous

Formula: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + object

Example: She was writing a letter.

Passive Formula: Object + was/were + being + V3 + (by + subject)
Example: A letter was being written by her.

Past Perfect

Formula: Subject + had + V3 + object

Example: She had written a letter.

Formula: Object + had been + V3 + (by + subject)
Example: A letter had been written by her.

Past Perfect Continuous

Formula: Subject + had been + V1 + ing + object

Example: She had been writing a letter.

No Passive

 Future Tenses

Simple Future

Formula: Subject + will/shall + V1 + object

Example: She will write a letter.

Passive Formula: Object + will/shall be + V3 + (by + subject)
Example: A letter will be written by her.

Future Continuous

Formula: Subject + will/shall be + V1 + ing + object

Example: She will be writing a letter.

No Passive

Future Perfect

Formula: Subject + will/shall have + V3 + object

Example: She will have written a letter.

Passive Formula: Object + will/shall have been + V3 + (by + subject)
Example: A letter will have been written by her.

Future Perfect Continuous

Formula: Subject + will/shall have been + V1 + ing + object

Example: She will have been writing a letter.

No Passive

The following tenses typically do not have a standard passive construction:

  • Present Perfect Continuous

  • Past Perfect Continuous

  • Future Continuous

  • Future Perfect Continuous

Exercise

A. Identify the Voice

Write A for Active and P for Passive.

  1. The teacher praised the student.

  2. The cake was baked by my mother.

  3. They are watching a movie.

  4. A letter is being typed by the clerk.

  5. The road has been repaired.

  6. She sings a song.

  7. The book was written by Shakespeare.

  8. He will deliver the speech.

  9. The parcel has been sent.

  10. We play cricket every Sunday.

B. Convert Active to Passive Voice

  1. She helps her brother.

  2. They wrote a letter.

  3. He is reading a book.

  4. She has painted the wall.

  5. He will complete the work.

C. Convert Passive to Active Voice

  1. The window was broken by the boy.

  2. A story is being told by the teacher.

  3. The documents have been submitted by her.

  4. A song was sung by him.

  5. The match will be won by our team.

D. Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form

  1. The report __________ (submit) by the manager.

  2. English __________ (speak) in many countries.

  3. The bridge __________ (build) next year.

  4. This room __________ (clean) yesterday.

  5. The patient __________ (take) to the hospital immediately.

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